![]() The symptoms of inattention or hyperactivity will likely be elicited when doing a proper history of childhood but may have been missed.ĪDHD interferes with functioning and development. They will likely be more impulsive in nature or inattentive, as the hyperactivity symptoms can be better controlled. In adults, however, these core symptoms may be missing, and they may manifest as other problems such as procrastination, mood instability, and low self-esteem. These symptoms must be present in multiple settings. Hyperactive symptoms include: fidgeting, feeling like an "internal motor" is always going, leaving their seat, climbing on things, being loud, blurting out answers, talking excessively or out of turn, having trouble waiting their turn, interrupts, or intrudes on others. Inattentive symptoms include: not paying close attention to tasks, missing small details, rushing through tasks, not seeming to listen when spoken to, difficulty organizing things, not finishing work, dislikes or avoids tasks that take sustained mental effort, losing thins, or being forgetful. ADHD is diagnosed in children based upon their history, where the children face difficulty in at least 6 of the 9 symptoms as mentioned in DSM 5. In order to diagnose ADHD, it is very important to take a relevant history of the concerned individual. This review would further shed light upon the causal factors, pathophysiology, and management of ADHD. The treatment for the disorder is mostly related to stimulants and psychotherapy. It is important to diagnose and treat the disorder at a young age so that the symptoms do not persist into adulthood and cause other comorbid conditions. Its prevalence has increased over time, with a seeming spike in the 1950s as school became more standardized for children. It was labeled as 'minimal brain dysfunction' in the 1930s and has ever since changed names to ADD and ADHD, respectively. They are often labeled as "trouble makers."ĪDHD is not a new condition and has been called different names throughout history. ![]() Children with ADHD can have difficulty with social interactions, can be easily frustrated, and can be impulsive. Therefore, patients with ADHD show disability not only in attention and focus but also in decision making and emotional regulation. It is considered a dysfunction of executive functioning, predominantly a frontal lobe activity. It can have large consequences, including social interactions, increased risky behaviors, loss of jobs, and difficulty achieving in school.ĪDHD must be considered within the context of what is developmentally and culturally appropriate for a person. These symptoms should be present before the age of 12, have lasted six months, and interfere with daily life activities in order to be labeled as 'ADHD.' This must be present in more than one setting (i.e., at home and school, or school and after-school activities). The symptoms begin at a young age and usually include lack of attention, lack of concentration, disorganization, difficulty completing tasks, being forgetful, and losing things. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, the DSM IV combined this into one disorder with three subtypes: predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive, or combined type. Although there used to be two different diagnoses of Attention Deficit Disorder vs. Individuals suffering from this disorder show patterns of developmentally inappropriate levels of inattentiveness, hyperactivity, or impulsivity. ![]() Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric condition that has long been recognized as affecting children's ability to function.
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